Editorial Pillar
Software Craft
Design patterns, clean code discipline, runtime internals, and language ergonomics.
36articles
Java Valhalla: Twelve Years to Delete One Assumption
Project Valhalla finally lands in JDK 28 as a preview. The story of how a decade of work boils down to one idea: let objects opt out of identity.
Python 3.15's Most Useful Changes Flew Under the Radar
Python 3.15 ships lazy imports and a Tachyon profiler, but the quietly useful additions are TaskGroup.cancel(), fixed context manager decorators, and…
1 Byte = 8 Bits: How Many Bits in a Byte & Bytes in Your Name?
How many bits are in one byte? 1 byte = 8 bits. Learn how binary bits, bytes, ASCII, and UTF-8 encodings work using an interactive parking lot model.
When to Use Classes vs. Functions in Python: A Design Checklist
A repeatable mental checklist for Python developers to decide when to use classes, functions, instance state, and dependency injection.
When to Use Dataclasses, Generators, and Try/Except in Python
Phase 2 of the mental checklist for Python developers. Navigating dictionaries vs dataclasses, eager evaluation vs lazy execution, and error handling philosophies.
Verify vs Cert: The Python Requests Handbook
Understanding SSL/TLS in Python Requests: The 'verify' and 'cert' arguments explained with interactive animations.
SP7 - Proxy - Learn Design Pattern From Simple Things
The boss blocks social media so employees stay focused. That's exactly how the Proxy pattern works - controlling access between objects.
SP6 - Object Pool - Learn Design Pattern From Simple Things
Manufacturing planes is expensive, but raw parts are reused from a pool. That's the Object Pool pattern - reduce creation cost with smart reuse.
SP5 - Facade - Learn Design Pattern From Simple Things
Many departments, one entrance. The Facade pattern simplifies complex systems by exposing only what you need. Learn it from simple everyday things.
SP4 - Mixer - Learn Design Pattern From Simple Things
You are a dog farm owner who manages the properties of all dog breeds. The number of crossbred dogs is increasing every day because of the emergence of new breeds!
BP10 - Mediator - Learn Design Pattern From Simple Things
Airport control towers don't let pilots talk directly - they route everything through a hub. That's the Mediator design pattern.
BP9 - File History - Learn Design Pattern From Simple Things
Undo and redo look simple on the surface, but how do they work internally? Learn the Memento pattern from simple editing software.
BP8 - Visitor - Learn Design Pattern From Simple Things
A doctor examines every patient without the patient changing. That's the Visitor pattern - add operations to objects without modifying them.
BP7 - Template Method - Learn Design Pattern From Simple Things
Every barista follows the same coffee recipe but can swap beans and milk. That's the Template Method pattern from simple everyday things.
BP6 - State - Learn Design Pattern From Simple Things
A traffic light cycles through red, yellow, green - each state has its own behavior. Learn the State design pattern from simple things.
BP5 - Observer - Learn Design Pattern From Simple Things
Subscribers get notified the moment a new video drops. That's the Observer pattern - publishers and listeners fully decoupled.
BP4 - Handling Chain - Learn Design Pattern From Simple Things
A complaint travels through support tiers until someone handles it. That's the Chain of Responsibility design pattern explained simply.
BP3 - Command - Learn Design Pattern From Simple Things
As an army commander, you have to plan all the tasks for the soldiers, so that they can execute them. This process is called command.
SP3 - Tree - Learn Design Pattern From Simple Things
You need to store the leaves hierarchically, sometimes you will count the leaves. Tree will be a suitable structure to facilitate leaf counting.
CP5 - Singleton - Learn Design Pattern From Simple Things
Maintain one phone line indefinitely instead of repeatedly connecting and disconnecting. Learn the Singleton design pattern from simple things.
CP4 - Prototype - Learn Design Pattern From Simple Things
Having been with you for a long time, your robot has memories that regular manufacturing can't produce, now you want to clone it. Prototype will be your remedy.
BP2 - Strategy - Learn Design Pattern From Simple Things
As the coach of a strong team, you plan to attack to find a goal and then prioritize possession to preserve the score. This combination is called strategy.
SP2 - Decorator & Function Decorator & Closure - Learn Design Pattern From Simple Things
Ice cream gets better with extra flavor - and code gets richer with the Decorator pattern. Learn closures, function decorators, and object wrapping.
CP3 - Builder - Design Pattern From Simple Things
Building a house involves bringing together many parts, each house has its own specific requirements, you need a builder who can easily implement what you want.
BP1 - Gun (Iterator) - Design Pattern From Simple Things
There are bullets that need to be fired one by one in a specific order. You need a tool to set it up neatly and easily upgrade later.
CP2 - Comparison between Factories: Simple Factory & Factory Method & Abstract Factory - Design Pattern From Simple Things
Simple Factory is da best, Factory Method and Abstract Factory are cumbersome, complicated and stupid?
CP1 - Vending Machine (Factory) - Design Pattern From Simple Things
Beverages scattered across stores - too tiring to search each one. Learn how the Factory pattern centralizes object creation cleanly.
SP1 - Adapter - Learn Design Pattern From Simple Things
Having many devices that need to connect to your Macbook leads to too many cables. You need a tool to replace all those cables.
FBP1 - Google Foobar Plus - Dodge the Lasers!
Level 5: I tried retyping `request` and Google Foobar still revealed the challenge for me
FBP0 - Google Foobar Plus - Disorderly Escape
Level 5: After completing all the levels I tried typing `request` to see what happens, then this challenge is the result
FB5 - Google Foobar - Expanding Nebula | Cellular Automaton
Level 5 of Google Foobar: Expanding Nebula, a cellular automaton problem that marks the final challenge - and the end of the journey.
FB4 - Google Foobar - Free the Bunny Workers & Escape Pods
Level 4 of Google Foobar: Free the Bunny Workers (combinatorics) and Escape Pods (max-flow) - the real coding gauntlet begins.
FB3 - Google Foobar - Doomsday Fuel & The Grandest Staircase Of Them All & Fuel Injection Perfection
Level 3 of Google Foobar: Doomsday Fuel (Markov chains), The Grandest Staircase, and Fuel Injection Perfection - where the math finally broke me.
FB2 - Google Foobar - Gearing Up for Destruction & Don't Get Volunteered
Level 2: The Math Challenge. Find the formula is the main part.
FB1 - Google Foobar - Minion Work Assignments
Level 1: The Very First Challenge. Learn how to do it and find loopholes for easier debugging.
FB0 - Google Foobar - A Godsend To Kill My Laziness
Google sent me an invitation to their secret coding challenge - here's how I got in and what the Foobar journey looked like.