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System Design5 min read

Authentication vs. Authorization vs. OAuth: The 'ID Card' Mental Model

Stop mixing up 401 and 403. A mastery guide to AuthN (Who you are), AuthZ (What you can do), and the OAuth Valet Key.

#system-design#security#api
System Design4 min read

Consistent Hashing: The 'Locker Room' Mental Model

How does Cassandra know which server stores your data? Master consistent hashing, virtual nodes, and scaling distributed systems reliably.

#system-design#distributed-systems#hashing
Developer Tools5 min read

Docker vs. Kubernetes: The 'Hotel Manager' Mental Model

Why do I need K8s if I have Docker? A mastery guide to understanding Containers (Robots) vs Orchestration (The Manager).

#devops#docker#kubernetes
System Design3 min read

Latency vs. Throughput: The 'Water Pipe' Mental Model

Why is your API slow even though your internet is fast? A mastery guide to P99 latency, bandwidth, and finding the bottleneck.

#system-design#performance#metrics
System Design5 min read

Load Balancer, Reverse Proxy, API Gateway: The Grand Hotel Mental Model

Confused by the 'Traffic Trio'? A mastery-level guide to Load Balancers, Reverse Proxies, and API Gateways - from mental models to Nginx configs.

#system-design#networking#infrastructure
System Design4 min read

Monolith vs. Microservices: The 'Mansion vs. Village' Mental Model

Is Microservices mostly hype? A mastery guide to the 'Distributed Monolith', Latency taxes, and knowing when to split.

#system-design#architecture#microservices
System Design6 min read

Partitioning, Bucketing, Sharding, Replication, Edge: The Clean Mental Model

A precise mental model for partitioning, bucketing, sharding, replication, and edge computing - when to use each and why they exist at different layers.

#system-design#databases#scaling
Software Craft5 min read

SP7 - Proxy - Learn Design Pattern From Simple Things

The boss blocks social media so employees stay focused. That's exactly how the Proxy pattern works - controlling access between objects.

#design-patterns#structural-patterns
System Design4 min read

SQL vs. NoSQL: The 'Library vs. Warehouse' Mental Model

Why is MongoDB faster but Postgres safer? A mastery guide to Schema, ACID, and why JSONB might be the only NoSQL you need.

#system-design#databases#postgresql